ok̂tō(u)

    ok̂tō(u)

    English meaning: eight

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “acht”

    Note: Root ok̂tō(u) : eight derived from the extended Root ok- : “to think over, *understand, see, count” + -ta formant modelled after Illyr. attribute nouns, adjectives. Hence PIE numbers derived from previously ordinal numbers.

    Material: O.Ind. aṣṭǘ, aṣṭǘu (besides aśītí- f. “achtzig”), Av. ašta to Av. ašti- “Breite from vier Fingern” (to sg. *ašta-), Henning TrPhSoc. 1948, 69; Arm. ut” (probably from *optō with from the Sieben ũbernommenem p); Gk. ὀκτώ; Alb. tetë (*ok̂tō-t-);

    Note: Anatolian languages show a pattern similar to Alb. So Lycian aitãta (*ok̂tō(u)ta) “eight” : Alb. teta “eight”; Lycian ñuñtãta “nine” : Alb. nanda “nine”. Therefore Alb. shtata ‘seven” derived from a truncated *sa(p)tata ‘seven” later O.Ind. saptáthaḥ, Av. haptaϑa-, O.S. sivotho, O.E. seofoða , Lith. septiñtas; also O.Ind. saptatí-, Av. haptüiti- 70; in Alb. -ta, -të are attribute formants that were solidified in Anatolian and Indic cognates. The attribute -ta formant (used in the genitive and adjectives) is unique to Alb.-Anatolian languages alone. Therefore Alb. teta “eight” is a zero grade of Lycian aitãta (*ok̂tō(u)ta) “eight”. It was initially an ordinal number used as an attribute [compare Lat. octuügintü “80”]. Therefore Gk. Greek: θη̃τα n. “the eighth letter of he Greek alphabet (Ar.)”, gen. θήτατος Demokr. 20, Lat. pl. tetates from θήτατες; further uninflected. Origin (see intro): LW Sem. Etymology: from Semitic, cf. Hebr. ṭēth; cf. Schwyzer 140. is of Anatolian origin. compare Maced. Otto-lobus “8 hũglig”; Lat. octō ;O.Ir. ocht n- (Nasalwirkung after secht nand nōi n-); Welsh wyth, nCorn. eath, Bret. eiz (*ochtī, older -ū from -ō); Goth. ahtau, O.Ice. ütta, O.H.G. O.S. ahto, O.E. eahta; Lith. aštuo-nì; O.C.S. osmь (after dem ordinals оsmъ reshaped); Toch. В okt, A okät. ordinals: Lat. octüvus (compare also Osc. Uhtavis “Oktavius”) probably from *octōu̯ os; aPhryg. οτυFοι Fετει “in 8. years” (*ok̂tōu̯oi u̯etesi); Gk. Ion. Att. ὄγδο(F)ος (ὁ after ἕβδομος), obstructed in ὀγδοήκοντα (Hom. to ὀγδώκοντα reshaped after ὀκτώ), compare Lat. octuügintü “80”, das earlier example from septuüginta and in very later time after latter again neu aufgekommen; after dem ordinals to septm̥ (and dek̂m̥) gerichtet have sich O.Ind. aṣṭamá-, Av. aštǝma-, Gaul. oxtumetos, O.Ir.ochtmad, Welsh wythfed, Lith. ãšmas, O.Pruss. asman (acc.), O.C.S. osmъ (ok̂tmo-); compare Toch. A oktänt, В oktante “the achte”. An other congruities are to name ved. aṣṭǘdaśa- 18, Av. aštadase- “the 18.”, Gk. ὀκτω(καί)δεκα, Lat. octōdecim, O.H.G. ahtozehan 18; Gk. ὀκτακόσιοι, Lat. octingentī “800”.

    References: WP. I 172 f., WH. II 199 f., Trautmann 15 f.